Background & ContextInvasive alien species (IAS), particularly invasive alien plants, represent one of the most significant threats to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and sustainable development in South Africa. According to the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), invasive alien plants contribute to widespread ecological degradation, reduce agricultural productivity, and place considerable pressure on already scarce natural resources. These species are estimated to cost the South African economy billions of rand annually through losses in ecosystem services and the high…
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